Gigawatt Mozambique SA
This Environmental and Social Review Summary (ESRS) is prepared by MIGA staff and disclosed prior to the date on which MIGA’s Board of Directors considers the proposed issuance of a Contract of Guarantee. Its purpose is to enhance the transparency of MIGA’s activities. This document should not be construed as presuming the outcome of the decision by MIGA’s Board of Directors. Board dates are estimates only.Any documentation that is attached to this ESRS has been prepared by the project sponsor, and authorization has been given for public release. MIGA has reviewed the attached documentation as provided by the applicant, and considers it of adequate quality to be released to the public, but does not endorse the content.
Project Description
Gigawatt Mozambique SA (“Gigawatt”) is proposing the construction and operation of the Gigawatt Project (hereafter referred to as ‘the Project) near the town of Ressano Garcia in Mozambique on the border with South Africa. The Project will consist of a 100 MW natural gas-fired reciprocating engine power plant and ancillary facilities, including a maintenance workshop, administration building, guard house, internal roads and a residential housing unit for up to 50 operational staff. Associated facilities include a temporary construction labour camp; an 80 m pipeline from the existing gas supply point to a high pressure customer metering station; expansion of and connection to the existing 275 kV Ressano Garcia sub-station; and an existing borrow pit located approximately 10 km south-east of the Project site.
The plant will consist of an engine hall with 13 natural gas fuelled internal combustion engines and associated generators. The plant, which is located within a 30 ha concession area owned by Gigawatt, has a footprint of approximately 5.4 ha. It will be built on a greenfield site characterized by stony ground and modified habitat consisting of shrubs and dispersed trees. The land for the plant site was acquired by Gigawatt in 2008. While there are no residences on the Project site, there are a number of residences approximately 500m northwest of the site and 1 km north. A secondary school, a church and an adjacent housing unit are located approximately 1 km south-west of the site.
There are currently two temporary power plants (Aggreko 1 and 2) operating within the 30 ha concession area with a total installed capacity of 230 MW. Immediately adjacent to the Gigawatt site, a third gas-fired power plant (CTRG) with an operating capacity of 140 MW is currently under construction. The two temporary facilities and the Gigawatt project are covered under the same Environmental Clearance Certificate, which allows a maximum installed capacity of 300 MW. Gigawatt applied to the Government to increase the maximum permitted installed capacity to 350 MW, and, in July 2014, this application was approved. It is planned that both of the temporary stations will be phased out once the Gigawatt Project is in operation. Gigawatt eventually plans to increase capacity to 350 MW.
Gas supply for the Project is secured through a 15 to 20 year Gas Supply Agreement (GSA) with Matola Gas Company (MGC), underpinned by a 15 to 20 year GSA between Pande-Temane upstream JV (Sasol, CMH and IFC) and MGC. Gigajoule Power Pty Ltd, which is the majority shareholder of Gigawatt, is also the majority shareholder of MGC. Delivery of plant, equipment and construction materials will be via the existing access road, which is also used by the Aggreko Plants and the CTRG plant.
The Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) Contractor for the Project is a joint venture of WBHO Construction (Pty) Ltd and Parsons Brinckerhoff (PB) Power with PB Power undertaking the design and WBHO constructing the plant. TSK is the sub-contractor for installation of the power generation equipment and power evacuation facilities. The Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Contractor is Energy Experts Now (EEN) together with TSK for the first five years of plant operation, with an option for extension.
The primary lender to the project is an Equator Principle signatory. As part of its lending consideration, the lender engaged an independent consultant to undertake an environmental and social due diligence assessment of the Project against the requirements of IFC’s Performance Standards (which are equivalent to MIGA’s Performance Standards) and the Equator Principles. The assessment found that there were a number of areas where the Project was not compliant or only partially compliant with IFC’s Performance Standards and the Equator Principles. An Environmental and Social Action Plan was developed and agreed between the lender and the Project developer to address the areas of non-compliance. The project will be implemented in accordance with the Equator Principles.
Environmental and Social Categorization
This is a Category B project according to MIGA’s Policy on Environmental and Social Sustainability because the environmental and social risks and impacts associated with this Project are few in number, generally site-specific, largely reversible and readily addressed through mitigation measures.
The main environmental and social issues associated with the Gigawatt Project during both construction and operation relate to air emissions (dust during construction and decommissioning, and NO2, SO2, particulates and greenhouse gases during operations), noise, occupational health and safety risks, community health and safety risks (e.g. explosions, traffic accidents), solid and hazardous waste generation, access to water and wastewater generation. Cumulative impacts related to the construction and operation of multiple power plants must also be considered.
While all Performance Standards are applicable to this Project, based on current information, the Project will have impacts which must be managed in a manner consistent with the following Performance Standards:
- PS 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts
- PS 2: Labor and Working Conditions
- PS 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention
- PS 4: Community Health, Safety and Security
- PS 5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement
Potential risk and impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services were considered in the EIA and during the due diligence study, and no important habitats, areas of conservation significance or species of conservation significance were identified as likely to be affected by the Project. As a result, PS 6 is not triggered. The Project has committed to a number of measures to minimize the impact on biodiversity, including scheduling construction to avoid impact on a ground-breeding bird species and minimizing vegetation clearance to areas required for the Project footprint.
No indigenous peoples as defined by PS 7 were identified within the direct Project area of influence; hence PS 7 is not triggered.
No significant cultural heritage will be affected by the Project, and therefore, PS 8 is not triggered. Two grave sites were identified in the vicinity of the Project site, but neither will be affected by the Project, as currently designed. The ‘Our Lady of the Assumption Chapel’ is a locally important cultural site, which is located approximately 1 km south-west of the site. The chapel will not be affected by the Project. Consistent with the requirements of PS 8, the Construction Environmental Management Plan will include a chance find procedure (CFP) for any archaeology and cultural heritage artefacts encountered during construction activities.
World Bank Group (WBG) General Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines, EHS Guidelines for Thermal Power Plants and EHS Guidelines for Power Transmission and Distribution also apply to this project.
MIGA’s environmental and social review of the project included: (i) review of available project documents and environmental assessment reports (see list below) and (ii) discussions with key Standard Bank and Gigawatt personnel.
The following key documents were reviewed by MIGA:
- Ressano Garcia Power Station by Natural Gas, Addendum to the Environmental Impact Assessment of the Ressano Garcia Power Station, Mozambique. ECOTÉCNICA Lda, March 2012
- Natural Gas Power Plan Project of Ressano Garcia –Environmental Impact Assessment Report. Consultec Lda, October 2008
- 100 MW Gigawatt Ressano Garcia Power Station Mozambique Environmental and Social Due Diligence Report. Mott MacDonald, April 2014
- Ressano Garcia Community Analysis. Gigawatt SA, March 2014
- Gigawatt Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) Code of Practice. Gigawatt SA, February 2014.
- Report of the Public Consultation Meeting in February 2014
- Environmental Noise Survey report. SGS, February 2014
- Compensation Close-out Report, Gigawatt SA, 2014
A due diligence site visit will also be undertaken at the end of July 2014 and findings will be incorporated into the ESRS. If impacts or risks not currently identified in this ESRS are found during the site visit, or through forthcoming due diligence documentation, the ESRS will be revised, and, if the differences are material, MIGA may re-commence the disclosure period.
PS1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts
MIGA’s review considered Gigawatt’s capacity to manage its environmental, safety and health performance; compliance with Mozambican permitting requirements; and public engagement and disclosure of information about its operations. It also considered the capacity, systems and plans of the EPC and O&M contractors.
Environmental and Social Assessment:
Two EIAs were prepared in relation to the Project: one in 2008 and an Addendum in 2012. The 2008 EIA was prepared by Consultec and the EIA Addendum by ECOTÉCNICA, both of which are Mozambican registered Environmental Consultants. The EIAs described Mozambican legislative requirements and represent a high-level EIA process. The EIAs covered the planning, construction and operations phases of the project. Decommissioning was not considered in either EIA. Due diligence review of the EIAs undertaken by Mott MacDonald found that the suite of analysis undertaken in both EIAs was not appropriate for the scale and nature of this Project. Key gaps included: lack of social baseline, lack of assessment of impact of water consumption, lack of appropriate assessment of noise and air quality impacts, lack of a number of management plans (e.g. waste and hazardous material management) and no consideration of cumulative impacts. These gaps were addressed during the due diligence process by the commissioning of additional studies (i.e. social and health baseline, air quality and noise) and improved analysis of existing data (water use and cumulative impacts). Gigawatt SA has committed to implementing an Environmental and Social Action Plan (ESAP), which will address any remaining gaps (see attached).
The EIA and EIA Addendum were submitted to the Ministry for Coordination of Environmental Affairs (MICOA) in 2008 and 2012 (respectively) and environmental approvals were granted. The Project also received an EIA Certificate in July 2012.
Management Program:
An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) was developed as part of the EIA and EIA Addendum respectively. In addition, the EPC Contractor has prepared a Safety, Health, Environment & Quality (SHEQ) management system framework for the construction phase of the Project and the Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Contractor has prepared a template Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the operating phase.
While the existing EMPs, SHEQ management system and template EMSP provide a high level framework for management of environmental and social risks, more detailed, project-specific systems and plans will need to be prepared prior to construction and operations. As per the ESAP, a Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) is to be developed prior to construction and an operational Environmental and Social Management Systems (ESMS) is to be developed prior to the operations phase.
Gigawatt has committed to carrying out a full assessment of the potential environmental and social impacts of decommissioning, and preparing a decommissioning plan approximately 2 years prior to decommissioning.
Organizational Capacity and Training:
Gigawatt SA is committed to provide resources essential for appropriate management of environmental and social risks, including appropriate human resources with specialized skills, if required. Gigawatt SA is in the process of recruiting for several positions, including an SHE officer and additional staff to address environmental and social requirements. A Community Liaison Officer has already been engaged for the Project. The management team also has extensive experience in the management of thermal power projects.
The EPC Contractor will also have an SHE Manager and an appropriately qualified team responsible for SHE during construction. The O&M contractor will be suitably qualified and the contract will include the obligation to train Gigawatt employees in order to enable Gigawatt to assume full operational responsibility for the Project after the expiry of the O&M contract.
Gigawatt SA will identify, plan, monitor, and record training needs for personnel, and will put in place a formal training process. Employee training will include awareness and competency with respect to environmental and social management. Gigawatt SA will manage key contractors to ensure that the EMP is implemented and monitored through contractual mechanisms and day-to-day management where required.
Monitoring and Reporting:
During construction and operations all parameters that require monitoring in line with local regulations and WBG EHS guidelines will be monitored, as defined in the ESMMP and the ESAP attached to this document. The EMP also includes a high-level monitoring program. Gigawatt has committed to expanding this high-level monitoring program for the construction and operations phases. The EPC will be responsible for monitoring during the construction phase, and will provide Gigawatt with monthly monitoring reports. Gigawatt will also undertake monitoring to verify the results of EPC.
Gigawatt will submit 6 monthly monitoring reports to MICOA, and the Provincial Directorate of Environmental Coordination, the primary implementing agency under MICOA, will also undertake regular compliance monitoring.
Giagwatt will define key performance indicators (KPIs) in order to monitor SHE parameters such as Lost Time Incidence Frequency Rate (LTIFR); accident free days; carbon emissions, water consumption, wastewater parameters and air emissions. The SHE officer will also produce regular reports for senior management on compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, SHE management systems, air emissions, solid and liquid waste generation and management, community engagement activities and grievances. Gigawatt will also submit annual environmental and social monitoring reports to MIGA.
Gigawatt will engage independent external consultants to undertake annual environmental and social compliance audits of the Project.
Emergency Preparedness and Response:
An Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan (EPRP) for the construction phase is in the process of being drafted and will be implemented before commencement of construction. An EPRP for the Operations phase will be drafted during construction. Relevant local stakeholders, especially service providers (e.g. police, hospital) will be consulted during the preparation of the EPRP. Once in place, the EPRP will be regularly tested by conducting emergency drills. The plant and maintenance facilities will be equipped with fire suppressing systems, and firefighting equipment and spill kits will also be available on site. Gigawatt also plans to discuss the possibility of coordination of emergency services with the neighboring CTRG Plant.
PS2: Labor and Working Conditions
When fully operational, Gigawatt will employ approximately 60 staff, with approximately 30% of jobs anticipated to go to local residents. During the construction phase it is expected that about 200 employees will be on site, approximately 60% is expected to be Mozambican staff. Gigawatt has identified an objective of maximizing local workforce employment by including a priority list for hiring staff.
Gigawatt has a Human Resource (HR) Policy and Code of Practice (COP) that was updated in January 2014. The scope and content of the HR Policy and COP are consistent with the requirements of PS 2 and include principles and commitments around prevention of child labor and forced labor, support of worker associations and unions, safe working conditions, non-discrimination and equal opportunities, as well as grievance mechanism and retrenchment procedures. The EPC Contractor’s Code of Conduct document also addresses equal opportunity and safe working conditions, and includes a labor grievance process. Gigawatt will develop a labor grievance process for the operations phase. Gigawatt has also committed to undertaking a supply chain review during the first quarter of construction and operation respectively to confirm the absence of child and forced labor risks.
Gigawatt will monitor labor and working conditions throughout the life of the Project. Reports submitted by the EPC Contractor will include labor statistics including labor grievances and disciplinary details. The EPC Contractor’s SHE management system framework details lines of responsibility and monitoring methods to ensure safe working conditions.
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS):
Gigawatt has committed to producing an OHS Plan, which will cover OHS issues related to employees in line with the requirements of PS 2 and Mozambican Law. The development and implementation of this plan is included in the ESAP for this Project. For the construction phase, adequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and training will be provided to employees. As described above, KPIs, which will be regularly reported on, for the Project include Lost Time Incidence Frequency Rate (LTIFR) and number of accident free days. The O&M contract includes the requirement for the contractor to train all staff on safety aspects and emergency procedures associated with the equipment.
A temporary construction camp and permanent operations village will be constructed for the Project. The exact location and nature of the construction accommodation will be determined in discussion with the EPC contractor, but will likely include accommodation, cooking and sanitary facilities for construction workers, laydown areas and vehicle parking areas. The EPC contractor will prepare a Labor Accommodation Plan, and provide the plan to Gigawatt and Project Lenders/MIGA for their review. It is anticipated that the plan will be prepared in accordance with IFC / EBRD Guidance on Workers Accommodation. The operations village will also be constructed in accordance with IFC / EBRD guidance.
PS3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention
Resource Efficiency:
Greenhouse gases: The Project will result in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), primarily CO2. Annual emissions are estimated to be 413,000 tCO2 per year (based on a minimum annual production of 858,480 MWh), which is within the typical range for this type of generating technology. Gigawatt will quantify direct emissions as well indirect emissions for facilities within the Project boundary annually. This quantification will be provided in the Project’s annual environmental and social monitoring report.
Water: During construction, water will be sourced from the Incomati River. Based on available information, the due diligence report concludes that abstraction from the Incomati River will not result in significant adverse impacts on potential water users at the abstraction point and downstream of this point. Gigawatt will obtain a license to abstract river water prior to starting construction. During operations, water will be required for cooling the engines, firefighting and domestic consumption; total water consumption during the operational phase is expected to be approximately 10 m3 per day. Operations water will be sourced from an onsite borehole that is currently used by the Aggreko Plants. The sustainable yield of the borehole is not known, but Aggreko has reported that there have been no water supply issues. If needed, borehole water can be supplemented by abstraction from the Incomati River.
Pollution Prevention:
Air emissions: Air emissions from the Project will primarily be dust/particulates during construction and stack emissions (nitrogen oxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO)) during operations. The EIA does not provide any information on baseline conditions, and the modelling undertaken did not allow for the identification of the potential impacts of the Project at sensitive receptors in the context of relevant ambient air quality standards. Baseline conditions identified in the EIA for the adjacent CTRG plant, however, revealed high background levels of TSP and PM10 and low background levels of NO2 and SO2. The EMP includes measures to reduce dust emissions during construction. During the due diligence process, Gigawatt engaged WSP, an international consulting firm, to undertake an additional Air Quality Impact Assessment to determine the likely impacts of the Project on air quality. The air quality study included consideration of cumulative impacts – assuming simultaneous operation of Gigawatt and the CTRG facility. Dispersion modelling was undertaken using an acceptable modelling system (Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling System – ADMS). The results of the modelling indicate that ambient long-term average NO2, hourly NO2 and hourly CO concentrations are likely to be below the ambient air quality standards in the WBG EHS General Guidelines at all receptors. As indicated above, monitoring for the Project will include monitoring of air emission. Further, Gigawatt plans to explore the possibility of undertaking a joint air quality monitoring program with the adjacent CTRG facility.
The potential impact of scaling up the Gigawatt facility to 350 MW was not considered in the Air Quality Impact Assessment. Gigawatt will undertake additional modelling as part of the feasibility study for the potential scale up to determine the potential cumulative impact of increasing the operational output of the Project.
Noise: Noise pollution is expected from the project during construction and operation. The current plant design incorporates measures to reduce noise as much as possible (e.g. engines will be located in an engine hall with soundproofing). The baseline provided in the EIA was based on monitoring undertaken in 2008, prior to the operation of the Aggreko plants. The due diligence report indicated that this baseline was no longer appropriate to determine potential impact of the Project. As a result, Gigawatt engaged SGS, an international consulting firm, to undertake a supplementary noise baseline and impact assessment. Modelling undertaken by SGS, which included consideration of the cumulative impacts of Aggreko, the CTRG Plant and the Project, indicates that the influence of Gigawatt on residential zones will be inoffensive, and that the Project is unlikely to exceed WBG EHS General Guideline limit values in residential zones.
Water: Effluent from the project will include sanitary sewage (kitchen and domestic waste), and oily water. A sewage treatment plant will be installed to dispose of sanitary waste. Non-contaminated water will be routed into a storm water system and discharged to the surrounding area. Oily effluent from the engine hall, bunded areas, workshop and contaminated stormwater will be collected in an oily water pit. The oily water will be separated on site; oily sludge will be transferred into a road tanker for processing by a licensed contractor. The clean water from the oil separator will be sent to the storm water drain through the sample pit.
Solid Wastes: The existing high-level EMPs provide adequate mitigation measures for solid waste management. A more detailed Waste Management Plan (WMP) will be developed as part of the detailed EMPs for construction and operation.
Hazardous Materials: Potentially hazardous materials consist of fuels and chemicals. Hazardous waste during operation will include clean and used (contaminated) lubricant oil. It is understood that Gigawatt has signed an agreement with the lubricant oil supplier who will take the used oil back and dispose of it. Appropriate management measures for hazardous materials are to be included in the WMP.
Climate Change Adaptation:
The climate of the Project area has been defined as 'tropical dry' with a wet season from October to March. Severe floods and droughts occur cyclically in Mozambique, including in the Incomati River basin. Based on available information, it is considered unlikely that the Project will be affected from flood waters from the Incomati River during severe flood events. However, there is a minor risk that the Project may be affected by drought and the drying out of the Incomati River at Ressano Garcia during the construction phase. While the likelihood of this occurring is very low, the EPC has identified a number of alternative water supply options that will ensure water supply for construction and minimize the impact of construction water use on other water users in case of low flows in the Incomati River.
PS4: Community Health, Safety & Security
As described above, there are no residential areas within the immediate vicinity of the Project. The closest residences are located 500 m from the site. Other communities potentially affected by the Project include communities along the Project National Road 4, the primary access route to the Project area.
Key community health and safety risks associated with the Project include health impacts associated with in-migration, traffic, risks related to unauthorized site access and explosion risk. Explosion risk will be covered by OHS plans and the EPRP. Gigawatt CLO and Operations Director will monitor for project induced migration and produce review reports every quarter for management. A Health and Social Baseline Report has been produced which can be used for monitoring and social accountability actions. The EPRPs that will be prepared for construction and operations will include measures to prevent and / or mitigate impacts on community health and safety.
The main road access to the site is the EN4 highway which stretches from South Africa's border with Botswana via Pretoria to Maputo in Mozambique. Construction movements may cause significant traffic disturbances to roadside residents, particularly if the Gigawatt construction phase coincides with the CTRG construction phase, however this is unlikely, as the CTRG Project is construction is likely to be completed prior to the start of construction at Gigawatt. Regardless, the impact of construction traffic is expected to be short-term, and measures will be incorporated into the CEMP to ensure that traffic is properly managed.
Security Arrangements:
The construction site will be fenced and there are security guards on site. For both construction and operations, a registered security contractor will be engaged to provide security for the site. Gigawatt has stated that they commit to only using security companies of good standing with a proven track record. During operations, security arrangements include 24 hour security guards, access control at the gates and a fence around the project facility.
PS5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement
The land allocated for the Project is ultimately owned by the Government of Mozambique, but there are individuals in the local community who have traditional use rights to the land. During the ESIA, eight (8) family farm plots and one residence were identified on the Project site. In 2008, Gigawatt carried out initial land acquisition and related negotiations. Compensation amounts were then re-negotiated in 2012, and compensation paid in 2012. All land required for the Project, as currently designed, has been acquired. A compensation close-out report, which detailed the negotiation process and the amounts of compensation paid, was prepared in 2014. The report indicated that all compensation had been paid, and that all Project Affected People were satisfied with the compensation that they received.
PS5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement
The land allocated for the Project is ultimately owned by the Government of Mozambique, but there are individuals in the local community who have traditional use rights to the land. During the ESIA, eight (8) family farm plots and one residence were identified on the Project site. In 2008, Gigawatt carried out initial land acquisition and related negotiations. Compensation amounts were then re-negotiated in 2012, and compensation paid in 2012. All land required for the Project, as currently designed, has been acquired. A compensation close-out report, which detailed the negotiation process and the amounts of compensation paid, was prepared in 2014. The report indicated that all compensation had been paid, and that all Project Affected People were satisfied with the compensation that they received.
The EIA report was approved by MICOA in December 2008, and the EIA Addendum Report was approved in April 2012. In addition to the approval of EIA Addendum, in July 2012, the Project received an EIA Certificate / Environmental License from MICOA. Before the start of construction, the Project will need to obtain a construction license and a license to abstract surface water from the Incomati River. Prior to commercial operations, the Project will need to obtain an operational license for the power plant. If an additional borehole is required, a permit for water abstraction from a borehole will be required.
EIA disclosure and consultation was carried out in 2008 when a non-technical summary (NTS) was circulated and consultation responses were reported as part of the EIA. Since the proposed Project had changed significantly since 2008, in February 2014, a consultation meeting was held to provide local residents with an update on the Project. A report summarizing the meeting was produced. The main issues raised by stakeholder included: employment opportunities; social benefits from the Project; opportunities for education and training; and engagement / communication with the community.
Since 2008, Gigawatt has been carrying out stakeholder engagement and community development works through existing community channels such as the traditional leadership system and the Mayor of Ressano Garcia. This engagement, however, was ad hoc and not well recorded. A Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) was prepared in 2014, which formalizes stakeholder engagement and provides a strategy for on-going consultation and disclosure requirements. As part of the SEP, Gigawatt has developed a public grievance mechanism, and community members are being informed of the procedure through on-going consultation activities. Gigawatt has also committed to making grievance forms and grievance boxes easily accessible to local residents.
Community development projects that have been undertaken by Gigawatt in cooperation with the Administrative Post of Ressano Garcia include the production of a Territorial Development Plan; provision of a tractor and trailer for garbage collection; rehabilitation and painting of walls along public roads; and provision of funds to repair of a small water supply system. Gigawatt is currently supporting the establishment of a community radio station in Ressano Garcia. The results of consultation meetings indicated that these projects have been well received by the local administration and residents. In consultation with the local community, Gigawatt will develop a Social Investment Plan with an allocated budget to guide future community investment projects.
The following documentation is available electronically as PDF attachments to this ESRS at www.miga.org:
- Ressano Garcia Power Station by Natural Gas (300 MW), Addendum to the Environmental Impact Assessment of the Ressano Garcia Power Station, Mozambique. ECOTÉCNICA Lda, March 2012
- Natural Gas Power Plan Project of Ressano Garcia – Phase 1 Environmental Impact Assessment Report. Consultec Lda, October 2008
- Gigawatt Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) Code of Practice. Gigawatt SA, February 2014.
- Gigawatt SA Environmental and Social Action Plan July 2014.
- Environmental Noise Survey report. SGS, February 2014
These reports are also available at:
Gigajoule from Jacob Wilkens (e-mail: jwilkens@gigajoule.co.za),
Unit 2, Highgrove Office Park, Centurion, Gauteng South Africa
PO Box 68971, Highveld, 0169, South Africa
Tel +27 12 682 9120